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Shiga toxins are a family of related toxins with two major groups, Stx1 and Stx2, expressed by genes considered to be part of the genome of lambdoid prophages. The toxins are named for Kiyoshi Shiga, who first described the bacterial origin of dysentery caused by ''Shigella dysenteriae''. The most common sources for Shiga toxin are the bacteria ''S. dysenteriae'' and the shigatoxigenic group of ''Escherichia coli'' (STEC), which includes serotypes O157:H7, O104:H4, and other enterohemorrhagic ''E. coli'' (EHEC). ==Nomenclature== Microbiologists use many terms to describe Shiga toxin and differentiate more than one unique form. Many of these terms are used interchangeably. # Shiga toxin (Stx) - true Shiga toxin - is produced by ''Shigella dysenteriae''. # Shiga-like toxins 1 and 2 (SLT-1 and 2 or Stx-1 and 2) are the Shiga toxins produced by some'' E. coli'' strains. Stx-1 differs from Stx by only one amino acid. Stx-2 shares 56% sequence identity with Stx-1. # Cytotoxins - an archaic denotation for Stx - is used in a broad sense. # Verocytotoxins/verotoxins - a seldom-used term for Stx - is from the hypersensitivity of Vero cells to Stx. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shiga toxin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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